A 9-year comparison of hardwood control treatments for enhancing natural regeneration and growth of loblolly-shortleaf pines in an uneven-aged stand (1998)Cain, M. D. (1998). A 9-year comparison of hardwood control treatments for enhancing natural regeneration and growth of loblolly-shortleaf pines in an uneven-agedstand. Proceedings, 51st annual meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society. Retrieved from https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_cain023.pdf Preharvest control of hardwoods facilitated natural regeneration of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. enchinata Mill.) in an overstocked, uneven-aged stand in southern Arkansas. During spring 1983, hardwoods were controlled by either basal injection of Tordon® 101R, soil application of Velpar® L, or rotary mowing following by a broadcast spray of Tordon® 101 applied over the hardwood stubble. After hardwood control, an improvement cut in summer reduced merchantable pine basal area from 97 to 70 sq ft/ac, just before a bumper pine seed crop that winter. Two additional improvement cuts in July 1987 and June 1991 left 55 and 48 sq ft/ac, respectively, in merchantable pine basal area. Nine years after hardwood control, untreated check plots had an adequate density of pine regeneration for uneven-aged stands, but dominant stems of pine regeneration on check plots were of low vigor, small in size, and overtopped by nonpine competing vegetation. In contrast, dominant pine regeneration on plots where hardwoods were controlled 9 years earlier averaged 10 feet taller and 1.3 inches larger in groundline diameter than the dominants on untreated plots
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