Pinus echinata Mill., shortleaf pine. Silvics of North America (1990)Lawson, E. R. (1990). Pinus echinata Mill., shortleaf pine. Silvics of North America. USDA Forest Service, Agriculture Handbook 654 p. 316-324. Retrieved from http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_1/pinus/echinata.htm Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) is one of the four most important commercial conifers in the southeastern United States. Depending upon locale, the species is also called shortleaf yellow, southern yellow, oldfield, shortstraw, or Arkansas soft pine. Shortleaf pine tolerates a wide range of soil and site conditions and maintains its growth rate for a relatively long period. However, the species tends to grow slower during the early years after establishment than other southern pines. Shortleaf pine is the most common species regenerated in the northern and western parts of its range http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/silvics_manual/Volume_1/pinus/echinata.htm
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