The influence of woody and herbaceous competition on early growth of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines (1991)Cain, M. (1991). The influence of woody and herbaceous competition on early growth of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry, 15(4), 179-185. Retrieved from http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/sjaf/1991/00000015/00000004/art00004 Four levels of competition control were used to study the response of naturally regenerated loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taeda L. and P. echinata Mill.) in southern Arkansas. Treatments included: (1) Check (no competition control), (2) woody competition control, (3) herbaceous competition control, and (4) total control of nonpine vegetation. Herbaceous plants were controlled for 4 consecutive years, and woody plants were controlled for 5 years. Control of herbaceous vegetation resulted in significant increases in pine height, groundline diameter (GLD), and volume per tree. Control of only woody competition did not improve pine growth compared to untreated checks. After 5 years, pines on total control plots had significantly larger GLDs and significantly more volume per tree compared to pines on any other treatment. Pine growth gains were achieved with herbaceous competition control and total control of nonpine vegetation although these two treatments averaged 4,000 more pines/ac, in trees taller than 5 ft, than the other two treatments. Results of this investigation represent a unique standard of pine growth to which operational treatments might be compared http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/saf/sjaf/1991/00000015/00000004/art00004
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