The structure and development of old field shortleaf pine stands and certain associated physical properties of the soil (1938)Billings, W. D. (1938). The structure and development of old field shortleaf pine stands and certain associated physical properties of the soil. Ecological Monographs, 437-499. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1943541?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents In the Piedmont region of North Carolina, much abandoned agricultural land is reverting to forest. In the early stages of this succession, pine is an almost universal dominant. This old field pine is very important economically and a quantitative knowledge of the mutual effects of pine vegetation and soil, during succession, would be of importance not only from a purely ecolog-ical standpoint but might also have many applications in the field of silviculture. With this in mind, detailed investigations of the vegetation and the soil were made on an old field successional series of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) stands in the Duke Forest in Durham County, North Carolina. The present study, then, is an attempt to apply quantitative phytosociological methods of vegetational analysis to the communities in a successional series and to correlate statistically these results with exact measurements of habitat factors, namely, certain physical properties of the soil http://www.jstor.org/stable/1943541?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
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