Using fire to restore pine/hardwood ecosystems in the southern Appalachians of North Carolina (1995)Vose, J. M., Swank, W. T., Clinton, B. D., Hendrick, R. L., & Major, A. E. (1995). Using fire to restore pine/hardwood ecosystems in the southern Appalachians of North Carolina. Proceedings: First conference on fire effects on rare and endangered species and habitats conference; 1995 November 13-16; Coeur d’Alene, ID; Fairfield, WA: International Association of Wildland Fire: 149-154. Retrieved from https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/ja/ja_vose009.pdf In the southern Appalachians, mixed pine/hardwood ecosystems occupy the most xeric sites (i.e., south/west aspect ridge sites). They are typically comprised of varying proportions of pitch pine (Pinus rigida), virginia pine (Pinus virginiana), and/or shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata) and a mixture of hardwoods, including scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea), chestnut oak (Quercus pinus), and red maple (Acer rubrum). Mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia), an evergreen ericaceous shrub, is a major component of these ecosystems. While the pine/hardwood ecosystem is limited in extent (e.g., c5% of the landscape in the southern Appalachians), it is a unique vegetation type that provides important habitat for both flora and fauna
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